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A comparative table of aunque with the four tenses of the subjunctive, translated into English, French and German: aunque venga, haya venido, viniera and hubiera venido. It explains how the tense shows whether the obstacle is possible, unlikely or impossible, followed by practice.
Indicative for a known fact: Aunque llueve, salgo (it is raining). Subjunctive for a possibility or something you treat as irrelevant: Aunque llueva, saldré.
Even if he came: something unlikely or hypothetical. Aunque hubiera venido refers to the past: even if he had come.
Very similar. A pesar de que is a little more formal and follows the same rules for the indicative and the subjunctive.
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